Takata is also admitting for the first time that its airbags installed in the cars of 11 major automakers are defective, US Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx announced, blaming the problem for "at least" five deaths.
But officials said it could take years to get enough replacement airbag inflators - the source of the problem - for all the cars equipped by Takata.
"The Department of Transportation is taking the proactive steps necessary to ensure that defective inflators are replaced with safe ones as quickly as possible, and that the highest risks are addressed first," Foxx said.
The recall, the largest in US auto history, comes after Takata Corp and its US subsidiary TK Holdings officially agreed in a consent order with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that a defect related to the inflators raised safety issues.
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The US announcement does not include millions of other vehicles recalled in other countries over the same problem.
Takata is facing calls for a criminal probe and was accused in a US class-action lawsuit of "deception and obfuscation" over the defect. Its biggest airbag client, Honda, has been named in the claim that alleges the pair conspired to hide the flaw for years.
In Tokyo, Takata shares nosedived 12 per cent before recovering slightly to end today morning's session down 8.76 per cent. The stock has lost more than half its value since the start of last year.
Mark Rosekind, head of the NHTSA, said automakers that installed the Takata airbags in their cars and trucks would now have to announce specific vehicle recalls.
Those automakers are Honda, Toyota, General Motors, BMW and Ford, among others.