The Russian team won six times more gold medals than any other nation at the biennial Universiade world student games that wrapped up Wednesday in Russia's Volga city of Kazan.
Several editorials in Russia's sports and opposition media have however ridiculed the achievement, saying the medal haul was made possible by fielding elite professional athletes in the amateur competition.
"When we have such great victories, people start lamenting that something is not right," Putin told the medal winners at a reception outside Moscow.
Putin's reference to Pfizer's iconic anti-male impotence drug was characteristic of his frequent use of earthy language to mock critics.
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Russia won an astonishing 155 gold medals at the 27th Universiade, with a team packed with Olympic champions and elite athletes.
It even won both the mens and womens competitions in rugby, not a sport where it is a known world beater.
No other nation could even touch Russia's dominance, with China coming second in the gold medal tally with 26 golds and Japan third with 24.