Marauding insurgents hoisted their flag over the main square of the northern city of Kunduz, freed prisoners from the local jail and set fire to the local intelligence agency headquarters, witnesses and officials said.
The Taliban's incursion into Kunduz barely nine months after the NATO mission ended marks a major psychological blow to the country's Western-trained security forces.
"Half the city has fallen into the hands of Taliban insurgents," Kunduz police spokesman Sayed Sarwar Hussaini told a news conference, adding local forces had not yet received promised reinforcements from Kabul.
The city was swarming with Taliban fighters who were racing police vehicles and had raised the flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (the group's official name) over the homes of government officials, according to an AFP reporter.
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"Around 3:30pm the Taliban installed their flag in the main square of Kunduz city," a government official, who requested anonymity, told AFP.
He added that the local headquarters of the National Directorate of Security, the country's main intelligence agency, had been set on fire, and prisoners had been released from the city jail.
Saad Mukhtar, head of a 200-bed government hospital, said the Taliban had control of the building and were hunting for wounded Afghan troops.
This was the group's third attempt this year to breach the city, which coincides with the first anniversary of President Ashraf Ghani's national unity government in power.
The Taliban's ability to penetrate the city is a major setback for Afghan forces who have been battling the militants without the front-line help of NATO forces who ended their combat mission in December 2014.
The Islamist group has been largely absent from cities since being driven from power by the US and its allies, but has maintained often-brutal rule over swathes of countryside.
Federal government officials had earlier issued strong denials that the Taliban had breached the city, insisting they were repelling the insurgents on the city's outskirts.