The teacher pulled off the girl's hijab while she was talking with her friends at the Lake Braddock High School, Virginia, the Washington Post reported.
"So my hijab was ripped off my head today," the girl tweeted. "Then he says 'Oh your hair is so pretty' and tries to play it off like its a joke," she said.
After the incident, she ran into a restroom and called her parents. They contacted the school and a mosque.
The incident prompted an outrage from a Muslim advocacy group and others. The school also condemned the incident.
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The school's principal, David Thomas, said the teacher's actions were inappropriate and that the teacher had apologised to the student and her family.
The Fairfax County Public Schools spokesman, John Torre, described the teacher's action as "inappropriate and unacceptable".
The teacher was placed on leave while the district investigates a complaint into the matter.
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