A small group of demonstrators lobbed rocks and cobblestones at the diplomatic mission after gathering outside its perimeter wall yesterday.
Police said the reason for the demonstration was unclear.
"All 10 of the participants of an unsanctioned picket at the British embassy were held for creating a disturbance," a police spokesman told AFP, adding that they were considering whether to press charges against those involved.
Mountainous Tajikistan in Central Asia is the poorest country to emerge from the Soviet Union and shares a border with Afghanistan where British troops are a mainstay of NATO's International Security Assistance Force.