The lawmakers, led by the head of the regional government of the Paris area, Valerie Pecresse, disrupted the crowd of around 200 all-male devotees and sang the national anthem in the multiethnic Clichy suburb.
"Public space cannot be taken over in this way," Pecresse said at the demonstration alongside the rightwing mayor of Clichy, Remi Muzeau, who like other lawmakers wore a sash in the national colours of blue, white and red.
The interior ministry "must ban street prayers," Muzeau told reporters at the scene on Friday. "I am responsible for guaranteeing the tranquility and freedom of everyone in my town."
The former mosque run by the Union of Clichy Muslim Associations (UAMC) was used by 3,000 to 5,000 Muslims daily before the mayor's office reclaimed the building and turned it into a library.
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Muzeau says that local Muslims have been urged to use a new 1,500-square-metre (16,000 square feet) mosque nearby, but many are refusing to go there.
Muslim religious leaders complain that not enough space is made available for those wanting to attend services, but building new mosques remains controversial, with the influential far-right National Front (FN) particularly hostile.
In 2011, FN leader Marine Le Pen compared the sight of Muslims praying on the streets to the occupation of France by the Nazis in World War II, leading her to be prosecuted -- and acquitted -- for inciting hatred.
He also resented the lawmakers singing the national anthem during their protest.
"They were singing the Marseillaise, throwing it in our faces, even though we're French people here. We're French. Long live France!" he said.