"The shooter appears to have shot herself," Brewster County Sheriff Ronny Dodson told radio station KVLF.
A law enforcement officer was also injured during the incident, which began shortly before 9:00 AM at Alpine High School in the town of 5,900 in Texas' Big Bend region.
Further details about the officer's and injured student's conditions were not available. The shooting prompted a lockdown at Alpine's three public schools.
"That's ridiculous for someone to call in something like this when we've got this situation going on," Dodson said. "This community does not expect this, we don't want this, and we can't explain it yet."
Alpine is 220 miles southeast of El Paso and 110 miles north of Big Bend National Park.
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