In a related development, the Election Commission (EC) accepted a plea by the ruling Pheu Thai Party to dissolve the opposition Democrat Party and ban its executive committee members from politics for five years.
The Democrat Party, which boycotted the February 2 snap polls, has stood by the anti-government protesters in their months long campaign seeking to topple beleaguered premier Yingluck Shinawatra.
The arrest of each of the 19 suspects must be reported to the court in 48 hours, the Bangkok Post reported.
Seeking to quell months-long street rallies, beleaguered government of premier Shinawatra imposed the 60-day emergency in Bangkok and some surrounding areas thereby banning political gatherings of more than five persons.
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But protesters continued their marches across Bangkok and blocked major intersections as part of their more than three-month long campaign asking Yingluck to make way for an unelected People's Council to carry out reforms.
The government's move came a day after the opposition filed a petition in the Constitutional Court to invalidate the protest-plagued polls and disband the ruling party.
"I submitted the petition...The court will inform us later if they take the case or not," the Democrat Party lawyer, Virat Kalayasiri, has said.
The opposition party said it would launch four more legal challenges against the caretaker government accusing it of having illegally held the election.
With the two sides determined to take each other head on, Thailand is likely to slip deeper into political chaos that has wracked the country for years.
The ongoing unrest is the latest flareup in years of political dispute that has pitted Bangkok's middle class, southern Thais and the royalist establishment against the mostly poor, rural supporters of Yingluck and her fugitive brother Thaksin Shinawatra.