Immigration officials arrested Sakoltee Phattiyakul, a leader of the anti-government People's Democratic Reform Committee, at the Suvarnabhumi International Airport here last night.
"He faces five serious accusations including insurrection, trespassing, inciting unrest and obstruction of an election," said Tarit Pengdith, director-general of the ministry of justice's department of special investigation (DSI). Sakoltee has denied all the charges.
Thai authorities have issued arrest warrants against several leading protest leaders, including Suthep Thaugsuban. Sakoltee is among a few to have been arrested.
Former opposition lawmaker Sakoltee said he was not aware that he has been put on the wanted list when he left Bangkok for the US on April 16.
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Sakoltee led protesters to storm the building of broadcaster Thai PBS late last year.
Leaders of the anti-government movement have flouted arrest warrants to lead marches, block roads and besiege government buildings to oust beleaguered Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra since November last year.
The protests began after a botched attempt by Yingluck to pass an amnesty bill that would have paved way for the return of her brother and former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra.
The protesters want Yingluck to step down and bring in an unelected "people's council" that would oversee reforms to rid the country of alleged corruption.