The advertisement for the 'snowz' supplement pills, uploaded to YouTube and Facebook by Thai company Seoul Secret over the last two days, features a veteran Thai celebrity attributing her professional success to her pale complexion.
"It's not easy to stay at this point for a long time," the 35-year-old model and actress, Cris Horwang, says in the video.
"If I stopped taking care of my body and white complexion, all that I have invested will be gone."
"A newcomer will replace me and turn me into a dark star," Cris says, using a Thai idiom to refer to her fame fading.
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Whitening creams and pills are wildly popular in Thailand, where a pale complexion is upheld as the standard of beauty in the media and among many Thais.
The video has received more than 100,000 views on YouTube, as well as enquiries on the company's Facebook page about how to order the product.
But other social media sites drew posts railing against the advert for being racially offensive and reinforcing the country's narrow beauty ideals.
Another post said: "Having dark skin can be beautiful -- without being ashamed as well."
Seoul Secret could not be immediately reached for comment, but the comment section below the Youtube video was disabled Friday morning.
A prominent Thai culture blogger called Kaewmala on her thaiwomantalks.Com website speculated that the advert aimed to provoke.
"I don't think the ad agency made this ad out of ignorance," she told AFP.
"They haven't been living on the moon, I'm certain they knew it would be controversial... It was most likely a calculated strategy, which in my view makes it even more objectionable."