A 35-year-old man from Chatham, Kent, has been arrested on suspicion of theft and bailed until January 14.
The thieves used stolen roadwork signs to cordon off part of the centre of Rochester, Kent, and lifted 7,000 pounds worth of Yorkstone paving slabs.
"This appears to be a brazen operation to make it look genuine. It would have taken time and effort to set up and work in this way," Councillor Phil Filmer was quoted as saying by Daily Express.
The 430 square feet of slabs were taken from the pavement next to the cathedral and castle in the heart of the town.
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Yorkstone is a traditional paving material because of its durability and colour.
Several residents expressed shock and bemusement on Twitter about the theft.
"Although police have arrested one person in relation to the theft, they have yet to recover any of the paving slabs," a council spokesman said.