The 38-year-old from Sichuan province in southwest China was caught yesterday as he came ashore on Taiwanese-controlled Kinmen island, a few kilometres from China, the local county government said in a statement.
The man said he kept trying to get to Taiwan because he wanted to "pursue democracy and freedom" despite failed attempts in 2003 and 2009 that both led to time in jail in China, the statement added.
He had taken a train from Sichuan to Xiamen, a city on China's southeast coast, where he made his third swim across the Taiwan Strait.