Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt plans to reclassify the normal working week of junior doctors to include Saturdays and late evenings, a move critics say would mean pay cuts of up to 30 percent due to the loss of extra payments for working unsociable hours.
Huge crowds gathered in Whitehall, where government offices are located, to listen to speakers decry the move.
Protesters dressed in medical scrubs chanted "Hunt must go" and "Not safe, not fair, Jeremy doesn't care".
"If they thought that junior doctors would simply accept their threats of imposition they have been proved very wrong."
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Neither the BMA nor London police could a provide a figure for the number of people at the rally, although media reports said 20,000 people attended the demonstration.
Hunt says the changes, which would only apply to doctors in England, would boost patient care by making it affordable for hospitals to put more doctors on weekend rosters and would benefit doctors by reducing their weekly working hours.