The Wall's administrators said 50,000 people crammed into the vast square in front of the wall to be blessed simultaneously by hundreds of men believed to be descendants of the ancient Jewish priestly caste the Cohanim, who wore prayer shawls draped across their heads and shoulders.
"May God bless and protect you, may God shine His face upon you and be gracious on you, may God turn his face onto you and give you peace," they chanted.
Israeli security forces were heavily deployed in and around the Old City.
The wall is located below the flashpoint Al-Aqsa mosque compound in east Jerusalem, the Palestinian part of the city occupied and later annexed by Israel.
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The compound is the third holiest place in Islam.
Jews also revere the site as Temple Mount, the site of two ancient Jewish temples, the first of which the bible says was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC and the second razed by the Romans in 70 AD.
Israeli authorities fear that the festivities which traditionally accompany Passover, which began on Friday, could fuel long-simmering tensions at the Al-Aqsa compound.
Two Jews were expelled from the compound today after "breaking the rules of the site", Israeli police said.
Thirteen Jews were expelled for similar reasons on Sunday, police said.
The Jordanian government on Sunday warned of serious consequences if Israeli "settlers" were allowed to visit the site.
In a statement, a Jordanian government spokesman demanded "Israeli occupation authorities immediately stop such moves, deny entry to settlers and Israeli forces into the yards of the holy shrine and allow Palestinian worshippers to enter the mosque".
Israel accused Amman of misleading the public about its intentions.
"There is no place for such a statement. Israel is acting responsibly and Jordan knows this," an official said.
The compound is a major issue between Israel and Jordan, one of only two Arab countries with which Israel has signed a peace agreement.