More than 1,000 labour union members, supporters of leftist parties and activists joined a first march in the capital, an AFP correspondent said.
A member of the powerful UMT labour union said they were "fed up" with alleged corruption and squandering of public monies by the government.
Later in the day more than 2,000 trainee teachers staged a protest outside parliament to demand that the government revoke recent decrees that would cut grants and affect their job prospects.
"The government has scorned us for months and our future is uncertain," said one of the protesters who gave her name as Aoula.