In the capital Bucharest, where a major rally is planned for today, around 3,000 people gathered at the seat of government despite sub-zero temperatures.
"We are resisting, we aren't going away" yelled the protesters, who are calling for the left-leaning Social Democrat government, which only took power in December, to stand down
Another 8,000 people took part in protests in the rest of the country, according to the national Agerpres news agency.
These included 3,000 in Timisoara, in the west and around 2,500 at protests in towns of Cluj and Sibiu.
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The demonstrations, the largest since the ousting and summary execution of communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu in 1989, have also continued despite the resignation on Thursday of justice minister Florin Iordache.
Romania joined the European Union in 2007 and Brussels has long taken Bucharest to task over slow progress dealing with corruption and organised crime.
Graft watchdog Transparency International ranked Romania below all but three of its fellow EU states in a January report based on public perception of the prevalence of corruption. Worldwide, the country ranked 57th.
A counter-demonstration in support of the government also took place in Bucharest yesterday, but mustered only a few hundred people in front of the presidential palace.
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