Tomato-rich diet may lower breast cancer risk

A diet rich in tomatoes may help protect at-risk postmenopausal women from breast cancer, according to a new research.
Breast cancer risk rises in postmenopausal women as their body mass index climbs.
The new study found that eating a diet high in tomatoes had a positive effect on the level of hormones that play a role in regulating fat and sugar metabolism.
"The advantages of eating plenty of tomatoes and tomato-based products, even for a short period, were clearly evident in our findings," said the study's first author, Adana Llanos, an Assistant Professor of Epidemiology at Rutgers University.
Llanos completed the research while she was a postdoctoral fellow with Electra Paskett, at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute.

"Eating fruits and vegetables, which are rich in essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals such as lycopene, conveys significant benefits," Llanos said.

"Based on this data, we believe regular consumption of at least the daily recommended servings of fruits and vegetables would promote breast cancer prevention in an at-risk population," Llanos added.
The longitudinal cross-over study examined the effects of both tomato-rich and soy-rich diets in a group of 70 postmenopausal women.
For 10 weeks, the women ate tomato products containing at least 25 milligrammes of lycopene daily. For a separate 10-week period, the participants consumed at least 40 grams of soy protein daily.

Before each test period began, the women were instructed to abstain from eating both tomato and soy products for two weeks.
When they followed the tomato-rich diet, participants' levels of adiponectin - a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar and fat levels - climbed 9 per cent. The effect was slightly stronger in women who had a lower body mass index.
"The findings demonstrate the importance of obesity prevention. Consuming a diet rich in tomatoes had a larger impact on hormone levels in women who maintained a healthy weight," Llanos said.
The soy diet was linked to a reduction in participants' adiponectin levels.

Researchers originally theorised that a diet containing large amounts of soy could be part of the reason that Asian women have lower rates of breast cancer than women in the US, but any beneficial effect may be limited to certain ethnic groups, Llanos said.
The study was accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.