Unlike his "protege" Bo Xilai who was given a life sentence for various allegations similar to the one faced by Zhou, the top most ruling Communist Party of China (CPC) leader to have been arrested could face death sentence as he is accused of leaking state secrets, South China Morning Post reported.
Zhou, 72, a former internal security chief, retired as the member of the nine member Standing Committee of the CPC, headed by previous President Hu Jintao in 2012.
He seriously violated self-disciplinary regulations and accepted a large amount of money and properties personally and through his family, a CPC statement said about his detention.
"In China, it's very difficult to define what's a state secret. As a former member of the party's Politburo Standing Committee, anything Zhou unwittingly told anyone around him could be a 'state secret'," Zhang Lifan, a Beijing-based political commentator said.
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Bo was sentenced to life in prison last year on charges of bribery, corruption and abuse of power.
Chen Daoyin, from Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, said the state secrets referred to in the statement could be "some internal discussions about an upcoming Politburo personnel reshuffle".
"Zhou might have used his position to leak some information to officials and candidates, or even overseas media, to manipulate a reshuffle of the party leadership," Chen said.
Zhang said a verdict against Zhou could result in anything ranging from a death sentence to a suspended death sentence.
But other analysts said Zhou was likely to be given a suspended death sentence at most.
"There has been an understanding in the leadership over the past few decades that the maximum punishment for corrupt senior officials is a death sentence with a few years' probation," Renmin University political science professor Zhang Ming told the Post.
Zhou is so far the most senior official to be brought down since Xi declared a nationwide anti-corruption drive two years ago.