The move against Peking University Prof. Xia Yeliang, who has championed free speech and the rule of law, comes as China's new leadership tightens controls on public discourse.
Party authorities have reportedly issued a directive that bars certain topics from discussion in college classes, including press freedom, judicial independence and civil society.
Xia said he was notified today by officials of the School of Economics that a faculty committee had voted 30-3 with one abstention not to renew his contract after January 31.