Gerard Filoche, a member of the Socialists' national bureau, claims to have written the tweet out of "negligence", but the party's National Office voted unanimously to exclude him in his absence.
"The National Office has voted for the exclusion of Gerard Filoche. He can no longer speak on behalf of the Socialist Party, nor be a member," party coordinator Rachid Temal said at a press conference.
"Gerard Filoche is no longer a member of the Socialist Party. He is excluded."
Filoche's post on Friday showed Macron with his arms outstretched over the Earth, wearing what appears to be a Nazi armband but with the swastika replaced by a dollar sign.
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"On the move towards global chaos," the caption reads, a reference to Macron's En Marche ("On the Move") movement that swept him to the presidency earlier this year.
Filoche introduced the image by writing: "A dirty bastard, the French are going to know it," using a phrase that echoes a well-known anti-Semitic slur in French.
Yesterday he told i24news: "Obviously I was careless... I was not attentive, I should not have done it."
Filoche, who co-founded the SOS Racism anti- discrimination association, can appeal the decision.
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