"Armed men came last night and detained the head of Baghdad provincial council Riyadh al-Adhadh and four of his guards from his house in Adhamiyah," a police colonel said.
An official in the council said "Adhadh and several of his guards were abducted from his house very late at night" and taken to an unknown location.
It was not immediately clear whether the Sunni politician had been officially arrested by the authorities but the armed men who took him came in 10 large SUVs and wore military uniforms.
He survived a bomb attack on his convoy that killed one of his bodyguards in September 2013.
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The Shiite-dominated government of Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has repeatedly accused the country's top Sunni politicians of links with armed insurgent groups.
Months of mounting sectarian tension followed by a jihadist onslaught that has plunged Iraq into its worst crisis in years and threatened to redraw its borders have further poisoned difficult relations between Sunni and religious Shiite politicians.