Fiery Troicki, the 25th seed, slumped to a 3-6, 6-3, 6-3, 2-6, 6-3 defeat to Spain's Albert Ramos Vinolas after slipping to match point down on a controversial over-rule by umpire Damiano Torella.
A serve from the Spaniard had been called out but the decision was corrected making it an ace. Troicki was furious, carrying the ball back to the chair on Court 17, telling the official to "look at it".
"No white, look at it!" shouted Troicki, as he pleaded with the official to look for chalk dust.
He lost the match on the next point but continued his rant as Torella climbed down from his perch.
Also Read
"You're horrible, you know what you did. You are the worst ever, you're an idiot," he said.
"You didn't see anything in the match. You made about 30 mistakes for him and for me."
"What are you doing?" Troicki repeated at least six times before screaming "bullshit" as he stormed off court.
The Serb believes the Italian lacked the necessary experience to officiate on a court where there is no Hawk-Eye replay technology.
"He should be the one who is fined, he cost me," Troicki told reporters.
"I'm not saying he cost me the match but he cost me an important point. I behaved well. I didn't do anything until that moment.
"He's doing such a match and I've never seen him in my whole career. That's just crazy. I spoke to the referee after the match and I think it shouldn't happen that such a chair umpire can be on the singles court with the men's on grass, where there is no Hawk-Eye.
Troicki found a supporter in controversial Australian star Nick Kyrgios who is no stranger to fall outs with officials.
He tweeted late Thursday: "I feel you @troicki_viktor - fkn joke."
Troicki's outburst recalled famous meltdowns from previous Wimbledons.
As well as John McEnroe's widely-parodied "you cannot be serious" bombardment, the All England Club famously witnessed a Jeff Tarango rant in 1995. The American described umpire Bruno Rebeuh as the "most corrupt official in the world" and refused to play on until the supervisor was called.