"Looters must realise that police and defence personnel are ready to take strong action," he told reporters at a hastily-called press conference.
For the third day running since Hurricane Irma pummelled the island on Wednesday, Rutte held crisis talks with his cabinet to discuss the situation.
Some 70 per cent of all homes have been left badly damaged on the island, which is shared between the Netherlands and France, Interior Minister Ronald Plasterk said.
Rutte refused to say what specific orders hundreds of Dutch troops and police had been given to stop the looting.
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But he admitted the looting had "not yet been brought under control," adding the "circumstances were complicated."
Some 230 Dutch troops are already on the island, and another 100 will arrive by Monday.
If necessary, another 150 will be deployed to the Caribbean, Rutte said.
Evacuations have begun though. Some 65 people, many of them dialysis patients and other emergency medical cases, have been already taken off the island, most heading for Curacao.
Once Hurricane Jose has passed later today, the Dutch will try to evacuate others including tourists desperate to flee the ravaged island, Rutte said.