The incident occurred near Banjari Mata Temple at Parasia village on Lakhnadaun-Narsinghpur National Highway, about 90 km from the district headquarters.
The victims were on their way to the temple to offer prayers on the occasion of the ongoing Navratri festival when they were hit by the truck, police said.
"Seven persons, three of them women, were killed on the spot," Lakhnadoun Police Station In-charge Shivraj Singh told PTI.
The deceased were identified as Manohar (7), Ankit Nagesh (8), Saroj (10), Rajendra (10), Salak (55), Gangabai Patel (58), and Narmada Yadav (45), police said.
The injured, numbering at least 12, were referred to Jabalpur Medical College for treatment, he said, adding that the truck driver and his assistant fled from the mishap spot.
Police have impounded the truck and launched a probe into the cause of the mishap.