"We begin from the common goal we all share: We want a low-carbon economy that continues to provide good jobs and create opportunities for all Canadians," Trudeau said in Vancouver before sitting down with provincial premiers.
"To get there, we need to make smart, strategic investments in clean growth and new infrastructure," he said.
Elected in October, Trudeau and his Liberal Party government brought to the Paris climate talks late last year the same goals as the previous Tory administration: reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.
Each province has vastly different economic circumstances and goals, and many have already started taking their own tailored approaches to reducing emissions, which Trudeau has encouraged.
British Columbia and Alberta, for example, impose carbon taxes, while Ontario and Quebec are members of a fledgling continental cap-and-trade system started in the US state of California.