Trump also selected Wilbur Ross Jr as his Commerce Secretary and Todd Ricketts as Deputy Secretary of Commerce.
They will be instrumental in implementing Trump's 'America First' economic plan that will create more than 25 million jobs over the next decade, the presidential transition team said.
Leading the team would be Mnuchin who has decades of financial management experience including serving asChief Information Officer at Goldman Sachs as well as finance director for President-elect Trump's presidential campaign.
"Steve Mnuchin is a world-class financier, banker and businessman, and has played a key role in developing our plan to build a dynamic, booming economy that will create millions of jobs," Trump said.
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Mnuchin said he understands what needs to be done to fix the economy.
"I look forward to helping President-elect Trump implement a bold economic agenda that creates good-paying jobs and defends the American worker," he said.
Mnuchin is founder, Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Dune Capital Management, one of the country's premier investment firms, specialising in public equity markets, real estate and the entertainment industry.
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Commerce Secretary nominee Ross served as Trump's top economic advisor on trade policy.
"Wilbur Ross is a champion of American manufacturing and knows how to help companies succeed," Trump said.
"Most importantly, he is one ofthegreatest negotiatorsIhave ever met, and that comes from me, the author of 'The Art of the Deal'. Together, we will take on the special interests and stand up for American jobs," he said.
"Wilburknows that cutting taxes for working families, reducing burdensome government regulations and unleashing America's energy resources will strengthen our economy at a time when our country needs to see significant growth. I am proud to nominate him as Secretary of Commerce," Trump said.
In 2000, Ross started the investment firm WL Ross & Co. Ross agrees with Trump's plan to bring back jobs, eliminate the trade deficit and make good deals for America's workers.
Todd Ricketts, co-owner of the Chicago Cubs, Trump said has been nominated to serve as Deputy Commerce Secretary.
"Todd Ricketts is an immensely successful businessman with unparalleled knowledge of the finance industry," he said.
Advancing practical policies that promote economic opportunity is critical to making America great again, Ricketts said.
"I'm eager to begin this important work and serving with Wilbur Ross to implement President-elect Trump's economic agenda which will improve the lives of all Americans," he said.