In a series of early morning tweets, the president also said the United States was already "extreme vetting" travellers coming into the country for safety reasons.
"The Justice Dept. Should have stayed with the original Travel Ban, not the watered down, politically correct version they submitted to SC," Trump wrote.
"The Justice Dept. Should ask for an expedited hearing of the watered down Travel Ban before the Supreme Court - & seek much tougher version!"
In a rare move on Friday the Supreme Court expedited consideration of the case, ordering the American Civil Liberties Union - which represents the plaintiffs - to respond by June 12 to the Trump administration's petition for court consideration.
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Once it receives the response the high court could quickly rule on whether to take up the case.
The court's order came just one day after the Trump administration asked the court to reinstate its temporary ban on travellers from six Muslim majority nations, requesting it stay two nationwide blocks of the measure that had been issued by appellate courts.
The administration said the travel ban was needed so it could evaluate existing screening protocols and set new ones.
A revised executive order in March aimed to address concerns raised by the federal judges. It deleted Iraq from the list and removed an indefinite ban on Syrian refugees.
The order however was widely criticised, including by human rights activists and US states led by Democrats.
"People, the lawyers and the courts can call it whatever they want, but I am calling it what we need and what it is, a TRAVEL BAN!" he said.
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