He started his tour of St Andrew Catholic School in Orlando with a visit to a fourth-grade classroom.
Trump shook hands with a pair of students who told him they were learning about the history of Florida.
He then joked to one girl who said she wanted to own her own business that she's "gonna make a lot of money. But don't run for politics."
Trump was joined on the tour by Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, Florida Senator Marco Rubio and Florida Gov. Rick Scott.
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In his address to Congress this week, Trump called education "the civil rights issue of our time" and asked lawmakers to pass a bill that would fund school choice for disadvantaged young people, including minority children. He did not offer any details.
Among his guests at the speech was Denisha Merriweather, who used Florida's school voucher program to attend a private high school that she credits with turning her life around. Many of St. Andrew's students attend the school using the same voucher program as Merriweather, said White House spokesman Ninio Fetalvo.
White House spokesman Sean Spicer said earlier in the week that education is "a top priority" for the president.
"He has said many times before that education has the ability to level the playing field for the next generation," Spicer said, adding that Trump "is determined to provide choice for every parent and opportunities for every child, regardless of their zip code.