At a closed-door meeting with families, Ahmet Davutoglu vowed that Turkey would keep a close eye on the high-profile case that has shocked and shamed Germany, according to a foreign ministry official.
On Monday, the hotly anticipated trial opened of 38-year-old Beate Zschaepe, accused of being at the heart of the murderous neo-Nazi cell that called itself the National Socialist Underground (NSU).
Zschaepe denies the charge of complicity in the murders of eight ethnic Turks, a Greek immigrant and a German policewoman.
Davutoglu said that while not all Germans could be held responsible for the murders, questions still remained to be answered.
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"What upset us is that the German government long failed to realise that the racist gang came from German society and instead considered the Turks as a potential risk," the minister told reporters at the Turkish embassy in Berlin.
He praised victims' families for their "dignified" and "self-confident" stand during Monday's trial despite what they have suffered over the past decade.