MBC announced the move on Tuesday, saying it would replace Turkish soaps -- which have long been a hit across the Middle East -- with "premium quality Arabic dramas that embody the values and traditions of the region."
The decision comes against a backdrop of political tension between the countries, with Saudi Arabia and ally the United Arab Emirates accusing Turkey of supporting Islamist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood.
Responding to MBC's decision late on Tuesday, Turkish culture minister Numan Kurtulmus was quoted by the news agency as saying that it was not up to politicians to "decide... who watches what film. Those times have passed."
Kurtulmus said the foreign ministry would take "necessary initiatives," without elaborating further.
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He noted that Turkish soap operas had made "rapid progress" in recent years and were now popular "all over the world."
Despite the tensions, Turkey is keen not to damage relations with regional kingpin Saudi Arabia and its hugely powerful Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
The Turkish leader has made only very veiled criticism of Saudi Arabia during the crisis.
MBC spokesman Mazen Hayek told AFP Tuesday that the network's decision to stop an average of six hours a day of Turkish programming -- mid-season -- was driven by economic and cultural considerations.
The average production cost for one hour of Arabic drama is between USD 40,000 and USD 100,000 compared to $250,000 for the Turkish soaps, he said.