The toll has risen rapidly since yesterday's disaster in the province of Manisa, when a total of 787 mineworkers got trapped inside the mine.
Rescue operations continued overnight for the hundreds of people still underground. Of those rescued alive, 80 were injured, four of them seriously, said Energy Minister Taner Yildiz.
"We fear the number could rise even further because those who came to help out may be among the injured and affected by the smoke," he told reporters.
Earlier a security source told AFP that there were pockets in the mine, one of which was open so rescuers were able to reach the workers, but the second was blocked with workers trapped inside.
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The explosion was believed to have been triggered by a faulty electrical transformer at around 1230 GMT Tuesday.
Hundreds of people gathered around the explosion site as rescuers brought out injured workers, who were coughing and struggling to breathe due to the dust.
Sena Isbiler, a mother of one of the miners, stood on top of piles of wood, craning her neck to see who was being led out of the mine.
Arum Unzar, a colleague of the missing miners said he had lost a friend previously "but this is enormous."
"All the victims are our friends," he said as he wept.
"We are a family and today that family is devastated. We have had very little news and when it does come it's very bad," he added.