Erdogan said demonstrators had destroyed the offices of his ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Istanbul during mass protests over the killing of a teenage boy by riot police.
Speaking at the inauguration of a new metro station in the capital Ankara, the premier lashed out at what he called "ugly attempts" to manipulate local elections due on March 30.
"They are trying to get results by provoking and terrorising the streets," he said.
His comments came after tens of thousands turned out yesterday to mourn a 15-year-old boy who died from injuries suffered in anti-government protests last year.
Also Read
Elvan's story -- he spent 269 days in a coma -- gripped the nation and became a symbol of the heavy-handed tactics used by police who Erdogan at the time hailed as "heroic".
A 30-year-old policeman also died of a heart attack as officers confronted protesters in the eastern town of Tunceli, a stronghold of the Alevi religious minority.
The March elections will be a key test of popularity for Erdogan, who is also grappling with a huge corruption scandal.
"You were supposed to be democrats, you were supposed to be pro-freedoms," Erdogan said, referring to those who destroyed the party offices.
Erdogan has so far refused to mention the death of the teenage boy, sparking criticism that he is deepening the divide between loyalists and secular segments of society.
"This is beyond all moral and ethical limits," he told AFP.