The Ankara penal court said that Today's Zaman editor-in-chief Bulent Kenes was guilty of insulting Erdogan in a tweet implying his late mother would have been ashamed of him had she lived to see what he was doing to Turkey.
Erdogan's mother Tenzile died in 2011, with the Turkish strongman grieving publicly for his loss.
The tweet was posted in July 2014 when Erdogan was serving his last months as premier just before he won presidential elections in August.
In another case that has garnered huge attention, model and former Miss Turkey beauty queen Merve Buyuksarac went on trial in May on charges of insulting Erdogan.
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In his defence, Kenes argued that he was protected by Turkish law on freedom of speech and also that his tweet had not specifically mentioned Erdogan.
But the court rejected his arguments, giving him a sentence of one year and nine months, state media and Today's Zaman reported.
Today's Zaman, which is the English version of the Turkish language Zaman daily, is close to the movement of the Pennsylvania-based preacher Fethullah Gulen, a former ally of Erdogan who has become his sworn enemy.
Following stunning corruption allegations in 2013 against Erdogan's inner circle, thousands of followers of Gulen were purged from the police force and judiciary.
Media rights groups -- which have long criticised Turkey for locking up journalists -- have expressed concern over a further decline in press freedoms since Erdogan became president.