Myles Bradbury, 41 admitted abusing 18 children in his care at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, between 2009 and 2013.
Bradbury, a blood cancer specialist who was arrested in December 2013, has admitted 25 offences, including sexual assault, voyeurism and possessing more than 16,000 indecent images.
The judge told him his offences were a "gross and grotesque breach of trust".
Sentencing him at Cambridge Crown Court, Judge Gareth Hawkesworth said: "In many years' experience on the bench, I have never come across a more culpable or grave course of sexual criminality.
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The judge told Bradbury that he had no doubt he had caused psychological harm to his victims and was at risk of doing so in future.
Meanwhile, a man who ran children's homes in Wrexham has been jailed for life for sexually assaulting youngsters in a campaign of abuse spanning decades.
John Allen, 73, had denied 40 counts of sex abuse against 19 boys and one girl in the late 1960s up to the early 1990s.
He was sentenced at Mold Crown Court after being convicted of 33 charges last week.
Before a packed public gallery Justice Openshaw said: "There have no doubt been more prolific offenders but seldom can there be so many grave offences committed on so many victims over a long period of time, causing so much anguish and misery.