Kehkashan Basu was presented the award by Bangladesh's Nobel peace laureate Mohammad Yunus at a glittering ceremony in The Hague.
Yunus, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his efforts for economic and social development, underlined the urgency and importance of Kehkashan's work, as more than three million children under the age of five die every year from environment-related diseases and many more suffer deeply from environmental issues.
"It is a great achievement for such a young person to already have such reach and impact with her important message," Yunus said.
After receiving the prize, Basu said she would "keep campaigning to encourage children and adults to create a more sustainable future".
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"I call upon everyone to think of how they can contribute to the preservation of the environment...Time is not on our side - we have to act now, or we will have polar bears under palm trees," she said.
She founded her organisation Green Hope at the age of twelve, through which she has initiated countless cleanup operations and awareness campaigns.
Kehkashan then became the youngest ever Global Coordinator for the Major Group for Children and Youth of the United Nations Environmental Programme.
Green Hope has become an international organisation with activities in more than ten countries and over a thousand young volunteers.
The International Children's Peace Prize is an initiative of Marc Dullaert, Chairman and Founder of the Dutch KidsRights Foundation, and is awarded annually to a child, anywhere in the world, for his or her dedication to children's rights.
The winner also receives a study and care grant and a
worldwide platform to promote his or her ideals and causes to the benefit of children's rights.
Furthermore, a project fund of 100,000 euros is invested by KidsRights in projects that are closely connected to the winners' area of work in the country of the winner.
The Amsterdam-based global children's aid group runs the award programme, which started in 2005.
"Kehkashan has managed to mobilise thousands of children to protect the environment," said Dullaert.
"Children are the most vulnerable group and, without exception hit the hardest during environmental crises. They are, for example, the most vulnerable to water and air pollution. Children's rights and environmental development are inextricably linked," he said.