Video of the incident showed people throwing eggs and flour inside the windows of vehicles, kicking doors and trying to rip off side mirrors. One man destroyed a sedan's rear window with a large rock.
"What happened is a very grave attack on everyone's freedom and right to make a living in a dignified manner," Uber said in a statement. "Incidents like this are completely unacceptable, and we trust that authorities will act so that justice is done."
Uber spokeswoman Rocio Paniagua told Televisa news that between 10 and 12 cars were damaged in the attack Tuesday. Some drivers were struck, but there were no reports of serious injuries.
She said taxi cabs were used to block off the street, but those who took part were not carrying anything to identify who they were.
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"They are decisions that the neighbors of the area made, but we have nothing to do with it," union spokesman Juan Carlos Rovira said. "We say so categorically."
Earlier this month Mexico City became the first city in Latin America to set down official regulations for smartphone-based ride services like Uber.
They call for the companies to pay 1.5 percent of fares to a fund for improving transportation; require drivers to register and submit to annual inspections; and bar them from accepting cash or establishing the equivalent of taxi stands.