Dhaka is the 33rd city in South Asia where the smartphone taxi app is now available.
The city's first Uber ride was made by Bangladeshi cricket star Shakib Al Hasan, according to the California-based company, adding its technology would help reduce traffic and improve air quality.
"Uber has a simple goal: to use technology to make our cities more accessible while reducing congestion and pollution," said Amit Jain, president of Uber India and South Asia.
"Smart cities are integral parts of the digital Bangladesh and I'm very excited to have Uber in Dhaka as a part of our efforts to build smart cities," said junior Information Technology Minister Zunaid Ahmed Palak.
More From This Section
There was no immediate comment from the city's taxi drivers or the powerful army-linked company that runs a fleet of more expensive cabs.
Uber has revolutionised car share rides across the globe since it was launched in 2010, becoming one of the world's most valuable startups.