"Uddhav Thackeray's criticism has no meaning. He is part of the government and hence, responsible for the misery of the common man," he told reporters here.
Chavan alleged that the decision to demonetise high-value currency notes was taken "in a hasty manner and without giving it a proper thought".
"Adequate alternative measures were not taken before making this announcement," the former Maharashtra chief minister said.
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Chavan said rural economy, small traders, daily wage workers, farmers and those who depend on farming activities, small and medium industries, "all have been ruined".
He added: "(The) time has come to ask the government as what has been the end result of the exercise. Has any of the three objectives spelt out in his (Modi's) November 8 address been achieved?
"The inept handling, lack of clear command, duality of responsibility between Finance Ministry and RBI has landed (the country) in a complete fiasco. Who is responsible for this mess? We demand that accountability must be fixed if PM was advised by a few people. Who are these people who are in the decision-making command and what role did the new RBI Governor play?"
"The Prime Minister owes it to the nation to fix accountability for this mess and also to take us into confidence as to what objectives have been met by this measure," he said.
Chavan also asked whether the move has stopped terrorism.
He said instances of stone-pelting in Kashmir had already fallen to a handful of cases prior to demonetisation as compared to July when such incidents were many.
"Instances of terrorism has continued. Our brave jawans are being martyred. Separatist activities usually are suspended during winters and sub-zero temperatures. It has nothing to do with demonetisation.
Chavan said no action has been taken on names revealed in the Panama Papers even as Pakistan government has started prosecuting Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
"Why is there no action against political donations and funding of elections?" he asked.
The government has not given a logical explanation on the introduction of Rs 2,000 note as it is 15 per cent smaller than old Rs 1,000 note, Chavan said and sought to know why the new Rs 500 notes were not printed adequately.
Citing a report from the Economist, he said 98 per cent of all transactions in India are in cash while in China, it is 90 per cent and in Brazil, it is 80 per cent.
Raising doubts over government's claims on cashless economy, he said that in a recent reply in Lok Sabha it is found only 12,000 villages have internet connectivity through Fibre Optic Cable.