Crews calmed six frightened guard dogs before leading dozens of other animals to a safe room in the terraced house in Southampton.
Two of the dogs were resuscitated by firefighters using oxygen masks, but four animals - a dog, cat, ferret and a bird - could not be saved after they were overcome by smoke, The Guardian reported.
A husband and wife were in the house at the time, Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service said. One person led some of the dogs to safety and the other was treated by paramedics for smoke inhalation.
When fire crews arrived at the house, they found an enormous menagerie of pets, including dogs, cats, parrots, chickens, turkeys, ducks, two iguanas, a chameleon, 11 tortoises, mice, rats, guinea pigs, ferrets and rabbits, some of which lived in the garden.
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Firefighters rounded up some of the animals and moved them to safety in a room away from the blaze before they doused the fire.
Jason Brattle, the watch manager in charge of the scene, said: "Crews worked extremely hard to control the fire whilst being faced with an unusual situation involving so many animals.
The cause of the fire is unknown but the house had no smoke detectors, the fire service said.