Prime Minister David Cameron said in a major speech last month it was "disgraceful" that people with "white-sounding" names were twice as likely as others to be shortlisted for jobs.
The goal of the new program is to make it easier for young graduates to get interviewed for their first jobs in an extremely competitive market.
Cameron's office said today that firms including international bank HSBC, accountants Deloitte, broadcaster BBC and the state-run National Health Service had signed up to the "name blind" recruitment plan, in which employers do not know applicants' names when they are selecting them for interviews.
It is also supposed to extend to the college application process, but officials said the timetable had not been finalised.
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Cameron first raised the issue at his party's annual conference last month and emphasised it today in the Guardian newspaper with a column headlined "Conservatives have become the party of equality."
"Britain has come so far, but the long march to an equal society isn't over," he wrote.
The government says companies and the civil service will have to publish details of salaries and bonuses paid to male and female employees.
Equalities Minister Nicky Morgan said it would "concentrate minds when companies see the gender pay in their own company of their employees, including bonuses.