61-year-old Putin warned that Ukraine has descended into a full-scale civil war and blamed the US of choreographing a "coup" in February against a Moscow-backed leader who upset the West by breaking a closer alliance with Europe and seeking Russia's economic help instead.
In a key-note address to foreign and Russian businessmen at the annual Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum, Russia's answer to the Davos World Economic Forum, Putin said using sanctions as a tool can have a boomerang effect.
Putin also underlined that these sanctions were "illegal" as they did not have the approval of the UN Security Council. He said the West were planning to impose second and third phase of sanctions on Russia.
The US and EU have imposed a series of sanctions on Russia, including visa bans and asset freezes, over its annexation of Crimea - an autonomous peninsula within Ukraine with a Russian ethnic majority - in March and alleged support for pro-Russian rebels who have seized control of parts of eastern Ukraine.
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"By insisting on the use of sanctions against Russia, I suspect that our American friends -- maybe, they are subtle -- want to obtain certain advantages in their commercial and economies ties with Europe.
"For now this is not having a negative systemic effect on our economy and I hope that this will not take place," Putin said.
After initially appearing non-committal over joining hands with the new government in Ukraine after Sunday's polls, Putin later said he will work with the elected authorities.
"We are today working with those people who control the government and after the election we will of course work with the newly elected authorities," he said.
This year's forum was boycotted by some top executives from major firms like Deutsche Bank, Siemens, Goldman Sachs, PepsiCo and Morgan Stanley, media reports said.