Military spokesman Oleksandr Motuzyanyk said insurgent attacks had doubled from the previous day as tensions between Kiev and Moscow have soared over Kremlin charges that Ukraine plotted to make armed incursions into Russian-annexed Crimea this month.
"The rebels launched more than 500 mortar and over 300 artillery shells at our positions," Motuzyanyk told reporters in Kiev.
"The last time we witnessed a similar intensity of fire using heavy armaments was a year ago."
Ukraine and its Western allies say that Moscow is simply trying to escalate a 28-month separatist conflict in the country's east that has claimed more than 9,500 lives and began just weeks after Russia annexed the Black Sea peninsula in March 2014.
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French President Francois Hollande warned Tuesday against any "escalation" of the conflict after telephone talks with his Ukrainian counterpart Petro Poroshenko and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
EU president Donald Tusk on Wednesday said he and the Ukrainian leader both believed Russia's account of recent events in the battle-scarred east and Crimea was "unreliable".
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Monday that Moscow remained committed to a stalled European-brokered peace plan that was signed in the Belarussian capital Minsk in 2015.
Kiev and the West accuse Russia of supporting the rebels and deploying troops across the border -- both claims Moscow denies.
Poroshenko attended a summit of NATO leaders in Warsaw last month in which the Alliance agreed to bolster its eastern flank in order to calm fears of Russia in both Ukraine and among other former Soviet states.