The politically-charged declaration came as a tenuous February truce was broken by more violence that claimed the lives of at least four Ukrainian servicemen.
Russia firmly denies any involvement in the Ukrainian conflict and accuses the pro-Western leadership in Kiev of waging a war of attrition against its own people in the industrial east of the ex-Soviet state.
But it concedes that some "volunteers" and off-duty soldiers may have crossed Russia's southwestern border to support separatist militias fighting in Ukraine's Lugansk and Donetsk rustbelt.
"These are fighters from the 3rd non-divisional brigade of the special forces. They are based in (the Volga River city of) Togliatti," he said.
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Army chief Viktor Muzhenko called in reporters for a special briefing designed to showcase what Kiev hopes is irrefutable evidence of Russia's entanglement in one of Europe's bloodiest recent wars.
A fatigues-clad Muzhenko assistant held up a nine-millimetre calibre rifle he said was seized from one of the invading Russians.
But he appeared to backtrack from an earlier army promise to parade the wounded prisoners before international media crews.
Such a step would almost certainly outrage the Kremlin and potentially violate international treaties on the humane treatment of prisoners of war.
And US Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland stressed during a visit to Moscow that Washington welcomed Kiev's decision to invite Red Cress doctors to examine the Russians "in correspondence with the Geneva convention."