The five-member independent Human Rights Council of the Maldives (HRCM) faces "serious criminal charges" for submitting a report to the UN, spokeswoman Ravina Shamdasani confirmed.
"We are deeply concerned about the case initiated by the Supreme Court of the Maldives against the five members of the Human Rights Commission of the country," she said in a statement.
The HRCM was being targeted for sending a report to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva for the periodic review of the Maldives where dissidents have complained of persecution, Shamdasani said.
The top UN rights body said the Male government had a responsibility to ensure a safe operating space for rights defenders to cooperate with UN rights mechanisms without fear of reprisals.
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The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein had already written directly to the government of the Maldives to express his concerns.
Former president Mohamed Nasheed has accused the ruling party of orchestrating attacks against political rivals and stifling dissent, allegations that President Abdulla Yameen's government has denied.