The UN mission said the nearly 25 per cent increase in child deaths from the previous year was largely caused by mines and munitions left over from decades of conflict. It documented a 66-per cent increase in such deaths in 2016.
"Conflict-related violence exacted a heavy toll on Afghanistan in 2016, with an overall deterioration in civilian protection and the highest-total civilian casualties recorded since 2009, when UNAMA began systematic documentation of civilian casualties," the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan said in its annual report.
"I am deeply saddened to report, for yet another year, another increase in civilian casualties, another all-time high figure," Tadamichi Yamamoto, the UN envoy to Afghanistan, told a press conference.
The aid group Save the Children said the latest figures were "extremely concerning", and called on all parties to do more to protect civilians.
The Taliban, who have been waging an insurgency against the US-backed government in Kabul for more than 15 years, advanced on a number of fronts in 2016. Afghan forces have struggled to combat the militants since the US and NATO formally concluded their combat mission at the end of 2014.
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