The appeal from the top UN body came after Baghdad dismissed an offer from Iraqi Kurdish leaders to freeze the outcome of the referendum, which delivered a resounding yes to independence, and hold talks.
"Council members noted that the federal and regional governments have both expressed willingness to engage in dialogue," said French Ambassador Francois Delattre, who holds this month's council presidency.
"We encourage them to expeditiously set a timetable to hold these discussions," Delattre told reporters after the meeting.
Delattre said council members were concerned by the increased tensions and reports of violence, and were calling on both sides to refrain from using force.
Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi earlier rejected the Kurdish offer for a freeze and demanded the annulment of the September 24 vote for independence.