"Crazy meals involving less-than-healthy foods aren't a modern craving," said lead author Brian Wansink, from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab in the US.
"Paintings from what's sometimes called the Renaissance Period were loaded with the foods modern diets warn us about - salt, sausages, bread and more bread," said Wansink.
For the study, researchers started with 750 food paintings from the past 500 years and focused on 140 paintings of family meals.
The most commonly painted foods were not the most readily available foods of the time.
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For example, the most commonly painted vegetable was an artichoke, the most commonly painted fruit was a lemon, and the most commonly painted meat was shellfish, usually lobster.
According to the researchers, these paintings often featured food that was indulgent, aspirational or aesthetically pleasing.
"Our love affair with visually appealing, decadent or status foods is nothing new. It was already well-established 500 years ago," said Andrew Weislogel, curator at Cornell University's Johnson Museum of Art.