The move came, yesterday, on the last day of a deadline to find a successor to Fayyad, who quit on April 13 after weeks of tensions due to long-standing differences with Abbas over the finance portfolio.
"President Abbas has asked me to form a new government, and I have accepted," Hamdallah, 54, the president of Al-Najah University in the West Bank city of Nablus, told AFP.
"The government will be formed in the coming days," said Hamdallah, a member of Abbas's Fatah party who also headed the Central Election Commission and the Palestinian Stock Exchange.
Hamdallah has a doctorate in applied linguistics from the Lancaster University in England. He was born in Anabta, near Tulkarem in the northern West Bank.
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On April 27, Abbas announced that consultations had started to form a unity government under his own leadership, in accordance with a long-delayed reconciliation deal between Fatah and the rival Islamist movement Hamas.
Palestinian Basic Law stipulates that the person charged with forming a new government then has three weeks to choose a new line-up, though that can be extended by another two if the issue is not resolved within that timeframe.
Palestine Liberation Organisation executive committee member Wasil Abu Yussef confirmed the legal caretaker period following Fayyad's resignation would end today, and accordingly there must be a new government.
But Saleh Rafat, who also belongs to the PLO's decision-making body, told AFP he was unaware of any factions having been consulted on the formation of a government until now.
"At the executive committee's last meeting, the subject of the government was not raised," he said.
Outgoing labour minister Ahmad al-Majdalani said it would likely mean a regular cabinet would have to be formed until the two factions managed to piece together the planned unity government.