"It is extremly rare that such wild cats have been recovered alive from smugglers," Umendra Sharma, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests told PTI on phone.
Based on a tip off, a team of Uttar Pradesh Police intercepted a Toyota Innova bearing a Hyderabad number, in which five caracals and a leopard were being smuggled.
They were kept in covered iron cages in the seized vehicle.
He said the species itself is very rare to spot in the wild and has so far not even surfaced in camera traps. Caracals have peculiar ears with long black tufts.
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During initial interrogation, the smugglers admitted that they were bringing these cats from Bihar and they were allegedly intended to be taken to Hyderabad.
The police sources refused to give further details as it may hamper the probe.
The recovery of such wild cats has sent the forest department into a tizzy as this may be just tip of the iceberg.
Pandey said there is information about people who are setting up illegal private zoos in farmhouses around Hyderabad and Bengaluru where they are keeping exotic species like tortoise, birds etc.
"It is quite possible that such collectors are now getting ambitious and want such large cats in their enclosures. It will become clear only when a pan Indian agency like WCCB and CBI starts an investigation on these links," Pandey said.
"I fully agree that these cats could be heading to private zoos around Hyderabad and Bengaluru but details will come out once the investigation is complete. We have some inputs about these private zoos where illegal wildlife is kept," Shekhar Kumar Neeraj, an IPS officer and country head for TRAFFIC (wildlife trade monitoring network) said.
"There is no estimate but caracals can be around 200 or less in wild. They are in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act. They are extremely endangered and need highest degree of protection," he said.
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