The world body said the displacement was the largest in the district in a decade and marked a major flare-up in the conflict which has seen ethnic minority rebels fighting government troops and militia allies since 2003.
"The number of civilians displaced as a result of the recent conflict in Darfur's Jebel Marra area has increased from 38,000 to 73,000, according to the latest estimates," the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said in a statement.
Many of those fleeing -- most of them women and children -- have taken refuge at a base at Sortoni run by peacekeepers of the UN-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID).
"The recent increase is largely due to a massive influx of some 30,000 civilians in Sortoni," OCHA said.
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The camp now houses a total of 53,562 displaced civilians, the UN said.
Nearly 18,000 civilians have taken shelter at another camp in Tawila.
The Sudanese government has not given the UN or aid agencies access to some areas around Jebel Marra making verification of the exact number of people fleeing difficult.
The United Nations says that some 300,000 people have been killed in the fighting in Darfur since 2003 and 2.5 million displaced.